Objective: The objective of this study is to understand various risk factors and etiologies of PD patients for admission at emergency department.

Background: Parkinson´s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease which mostly present to the outpatient clinic for diagnosis and treatment. Overall, a substantial number of patients have acute or subacute emergencies causing them to land in emergency department.

Method: Databases such as “Pubmed” and “Embase” were searched for articles related to human studies in English language with no time limit, using various terms “ acute, emergency, admission, hospital, Parkinson´s Disease”.

Results: About 16-50% patients were found to present in emergency department due to various etiologies. Female gender, multiple comorbidities, lower cognition, motor fluctuations, higher H&Y stage and history of DBS surgery are the risk factors of their emergency visits. Infection (respiratory and genitourinary), trauma, falls and pain are the most common reasons for acute hospital presentation. Other etiologies are motor and non-motor fluctuations, cardiac issues, anemia, metabolic disorders, pressure sores, and delirium. There are high chances of repeat emergency visits in PD patients after they make a first visit, reported up to 11 times of emergency presentation in a year and 13 times of admission in 6 years duration of follow-up.

Conclusion: Emergency admissions in PD patients are higher than the routine admissions. They are liable to various infections, falls and trauma causing them for unexpected emergency visit for the management.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/risk-factors-and-etiologies-for-emergency-visit-among-parkinsons-disease-patients-a-narrative-review/