Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in the Turkish patients with Parkinson’s Disease(PwP) and to present a systematic review of global comorbidity profiles in PwP.

Background: Parkinson’s Disease(PD) predominantly affects individuals over the age of 60, a demographic inherently at an elevated risk for comorbidities. Furthermore, conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus(DM), have been shown to increase the risk of developing PD and exacerbate disease progression. Therefore, understanding the concomitant comorbidities in PwP holds significant importance. However, comprehensive data regarding comorbidities within the Turkish PwP population remains limited, and systematic reviews on global comorbidity profiles in PwP are scarce.

Method: Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for PwP enrolled in the ANkara PArkinson’s Disease Registry (ANPAR) cohort. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). For the systematic review, the PubMed database was queried for studies published between 1994-2024 utilizing the search terms “Parkinson disease” and “comorbidity” or “comorbidities”. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and structured based on the comorbidity categories outlined in the CCI. Complications directly intrinsic to PD progression (dementia, fall-related fractures etc.) were excluded[Figure 1].

Results: Among the 567 patients evaluated within the ANPAR cohort, hypertension, peptic ulcer disease(PUD), and DM were the three most prevalent comorbidities, accompanied by an obesity rate of 36% and a median CCI score of 3. The review included 25 studies, encompassing cohorts from Europe(n=8), North America(n=10), Asia(n=5), the Middle East(n=1), and one multi-regional study. Global comorbidity profiles of PwP exhibit regional heterogeneity, with North American and East Asian cohorts demonstrating higher cardiometabolic, cerebrovascular, and gastrointestinal burdens compared to Western European populations. ANPAR cohort presents a distinct risk profile with an intermediate cardiovascular burden coupled with high prevalences of obesity and PUD that contrast with Western Europe[Table 1-2].

Conclusion: Concomitant comorbidities in PwP vary considerably across different countries and geographies. These variations must be considered during the treatment management and follow-up of patients.

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/global-and-turkish-comorbidity-profiles-in-parkinsons-disease-the-anpar-cohort-and-a-systematic-review/