Objective: To assess hip fractures incidence in Parkinsonism patients and assess their outcome.

Background: Parkinson’s disease is associated with gait disturbance, postural instability, and increased fall risk. Consequently, patients with Parkinsonism have a higher risk of fragility fractures, particularly Hip fracture, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. However, comparative data on incidence and postoperative outcomes relative to non-Parkinson populations remain inconsistent.

Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Search terms included “Parkinson disease,” “hip fracture,” “fracture risk,” and “orthopedic outcomes.” Cohort studies, case–control studies, and systematic reviews comparing hip fracture incidence or outcomes between Parkinson and non-Parkinson populations were included. Data extracted included fracture incidence, mortality, postoperative complications, and functional recovery.

Results: Twenty studies involving over one million participants were included. Across studies, Parkinson patients demonstrated a significantly increased risk of hip fracture, with reported relative risks ranging from two to three times that of the general population. Long-term cohort studies showed cumulative hip fracture incidence of approximately 10–14% in Parkinson patients compared with 4–6% in controls. Postoperative outcomes were consistently worse in Parkinson patients, with higher complication rates including pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and prolonged hospitalization. One-year mortality following hip fracture was also higher among Parkinson patients, with several studies reporting nearly double the mortality compared with non-Parkinson cohorts. Functional recovery was generally poorer, with reduced return to pre-fracture mobility.

Conclusion: Patients with Parkinsonism have a substantially increased risk of hip fractures and poorer postoperative outcomes compared with non-Parkinson populations. Preventive strategies targeting fall risk, bone health optimization, and multidisciplinary perioperative management may help improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/incidence-and-outcomes-of-hip-fractures-in-parkinsonism-vs-non-parkinson-population-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature/