A case of hemifacial spasm with a right-sided pontine meningioma that resolved with PICA loop vascular decompression surgery
Objective: To improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and etiology of hemifacial spasm (HFS). Background: HFS is involuntary unilateral contractions of the muscles innervated by…A crossover study of pretarsal and preseptal injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm
Objective: To compare the efficacy, patient satisfaction, and side effects between pretarsal and preseptal injection sites on BTX-A treatment in abnormal orbicularis oculi contraction in…
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