Objective: The purpose of this study is a validation of the Japanese version of the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) and the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Questionnaire (KPPQ).

Background: Pain is one of the common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The rater-based KPPS and the patient-based KPPQ were developed as scales to assess pain specific for PD patients. We have previously developed a Japanese version of the KPPS/KPPQ that retains linguistic validity. This time, we conducted a validation study to examine the reliability of the Japanese version of the KPPS/KPPQ.

Method: This study was conducted at six movement disorders centers in Japan. Age, sex, duration of disease, and levodopa-equivalent daily dose were extracted as basic patient information. Hoehn & Yahr (HY) stage and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale were evaluated for the patients’ motor symptoms. The Japanese version of the KPPS/KPPQ and visual analog scales were used for evaluating pain. We used other scales including the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Hospital Anxiety Depression Rating Scale, EuroQol 5 dimensions 3-level, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), Parkinson’s disease sleep scale-version 2 (PDSS-2), 9-symptom Wearing-off Questionnaires. Internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability of the KPPS/KPPQ were investigated.

Results: A total of 146 PD patients with 48 males (32.9%), mean age of 68.2 ± 9.9 years, mean duration of disease 9.1 ± 5.1years, and mean HY stage 2.8 ± 0.9 were analyzed. The mean KPPS score was 21.1 ± 16.3. The most frequent pain types were musculoskeletal pain (82.9%). In the KPPS, the Cronbach’s α was 0.626 and the kappa coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.552. In the KPPQ, the Cronbach’s α was 0.626 and the kappa coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.593. Positive correlations were observed between total KPPS scores and the NMSS, PDQ-8, and PDSS-2. Positive correlations were also observed between the total KPPQ scores and the PDQ-8 and PDSS-2.

Conclusion: The internal consistency of the KPPS/KPPQ was questionable, and test-retest reliability was moderate. Positive correlations were found between the KPPS/KPPQ and other scales. The Japanese version of KPPS/KPPQ is useful tool for pain assessment in Japanese patients with PD.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/validation-of-the-japanese-version-of-the-kings-parkinsons-disease-pain-scale-and-the-kings-parkinsons-disease-pain-questionnaire/