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Association Between DPP-4 Inhibitors Use and Risk of Dementia: A Meta-analysis Using Real-world Data

S. Hussain (New Delhi, India)

Meeting: 2024 International Congress

Abstract Number: 130

Keywords: Dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)

Category: Parkinson's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia

Objective: To investigate the potential association between the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and the risk of dementia, utilizing real-world data from diverse sources.

Background: Evidence from published epidemiological studies found inconsistent evidence on the association between dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors use and risk of dementia.

Method: Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus were searched for studies assessing the association between DPP-4 inhibitors use and risk of dementia. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias were assessed by investigators independently. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias. The primary outcome was to compute the pooled dementia risk among DPP-4 inhibitors users compared to non-users. Subgroup analysis was performed based on dementia types:  vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria was used to assess the certainty of findings.

Results: This meta-analysis was based on a total of seven studies with a total of 380287 patients. Included studies were of high quality as judged on the NOS scale. A significantly lower risk of dementia was found among DPP-4 inhibitor users compared to non-users with a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75 – 0.96), p <0.0001. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly lower risk of vascular dementia among DPP-4 inhibitor users with a pooled RR of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.45 – 0.73), p <0.0001, while the pooled effect was not significant for the association between DPP-4 inhibitors use and risk of Alzheimer’s disease (p>0.05). Evidence was of low certainty as per the GRADE rating system for dementia and vascular dementia and very low for Alzheimer’s disease.

Conclusion: This meta-analysis of real-world data suggests DPP-4 inhibitors use significantly reduces the risk of dementia including vascular dementia. Further studies, including prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, are warranted to better understand the potential relationship between DPP-4 inhibitors and dementia risk.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

S. Hussain. Association Between DPP-4 Inhibitors Use and Risk of Dementia: A Meta-analysis Using Real-world Data [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2024; 39 (suppl 1). https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/association-between-dpp-4-inhibitors-use-and-risk-of-dementia-a-meta-analysis-using-real-world-data/. Accessed May 18, 2025.
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