Objective: To assess whether the ingestion loads (quantity x time) of coffee, and specially yerba mate in southern Brazil, reduce the risk of PD.

Background: Environmental factors have been associated with the onset of Parkisnon’s disease (PD) conferring risk or protection. Coffee has been inversely associated to PD in many researches. Yerba mate (ilex paraguariensis), a caffeinated drink consumed in South America, is inversely associated to PD in Argentina.

Method: This cross-sectional case-control study included 177 patients with PD and 162 elderly controls to evaluate ingestion of coffee and yerba mate and the risk of PD. Sociodemographic information of ingestion was collected from both groups. All PD patients and controls answered a questionnaire that asked about frequency of consumption of one cup (coffee) and the number of specific cups used for yerba mate (cuias).

Results: Coffee never drinkers had a significant risk for PD (OR: 3.09, 95% CI:1.64-6.11, P< 0.001)and heavy drinkers with 2-5 cups/day had significant protection (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13-0.36, P< 0.001). It was found significant inverse relation to PD for coffee consumption in terciles (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11-0.36, P< 0.001and OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.1-0.31, P< 0.001)for the second and third terciles. Yerba mate reached statistical significance in quartile 75 conferring protection for PD (OR: 0.52, 95% CI:0.31-0.85, P= 0.009). Coffee and yerba mate presented no interaction.

Conclusion: Coffee and yerba mate, in higher quantities, conferred protection against PD. They act through the effects of caffeine, however, lower concentration of caffeine in yerba mate and numerous substances with antioxidative effect in the herb may be important to PD protection.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/association-between-coffee-and-chimarrao-yerba-mate-ingestion-and-risk-of-parkinsons-disease/