Objective: We aimed to portray the clinical spectrum of Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

Background: DIMDs remain a significant burden among specific populations. The onset of DIMDs may varies, from acute to chronic. [1] DIMDs may also be a frequent cause of emergency and life-threatening events. [1] Although DIMDs are commonly encountered, they are still under-reported, especially in developing countries, such as Indonesia.

Method: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, using our electronic medical record. All DIMD cases over the past three years (2020–2023) were included to the study. The drugs related to DIMDs were classified into Dopamine-receptor blocking agents (DRBA) and non-Dopamine-receptor blocking agents (non-DRBA).

Results: There were 25 subjects. The mean age of our study population was 46,92 ± 22,80 years old, only 36% of subjects were geriatric population (>60 years old). Female subjects were more common (64%). Most of the symptoms were acute onset (76%). DIMDs phenomenology were postural tremor (24%), myoclonus (20%), acute dystonia (20%), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) (16%), oculogyric crisis (8%), acute dyskinesia (8%), and ataxia (4%). Most of the cases received DRBA (52%) i.e. metoclopramide, haloperidol, risperidon, and aripiprazole. We found that every case of acute dystonia, NMS, and oculogyric crisis were caused by DRBA, whereas most of the tremors and myoclonus were caused by non-DRBA.

Conclusion: We observed DRBA drugs more common causing DIMDs in our study, with metoclopramide as the most suspectible drug. Most of the subjects were female and non-geriatric. The most common DIMDs in DRBA was acute dystonia, whereas in non-DRBA was postural tremor.

References: 1. Duma SR, Fung VS. Drug-induced movement disorders. Aust Prescr. 2019 Apr;42(2):56-61. doi: 10.18773/austprescr.2019.014. Epub 2019 Apr 1. PMID: 31048939; PMCID: PMC6478951.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/clinical-profile-of-drug-induced-movement-disorders-in-cipto-mangunkusumo-hospital-indonesia/