Objective: The objective was to assess the utility of plasma and salivary heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentration as a new potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) by doing the meta-analysis of the published literature.The objective was to assess the utility of plasma and salivary heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) concentration as a new potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) by doing the meta-analysis of the published literature.

Background: As the diagnosis of PD is clinical, there is often late to start disease modifying drugs such that greater proportion of dopaminergic neurons are lost. Consequently, there is the need of accessible biomarkers to diagnose PD before clinical symptoms are evident. A number of chemical analytes found in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and saliva have been studied as possible PD biomarkers, including HO-1, a protein which is connected to the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, the HO-1 concentrations in serum and saliva have not been meta-analyzed before.

Method: From the inception to January 2024, the Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases were searched for studies that assessed HO-1 concentrations of PD patients and healthy controls in the serum and the saliva. Results comprised the standardized mean difference (SMD) in the HO1 concentrations in the serum and saliva of the PD patients and the healthy controls with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). According to the heterogeneity among the included research, the HO-1 values were analyzed using the Revman 5.1 program using either a fixed or random effect model. P values of less than 0.05 were considered to have reached statistical significance. Forest plot was used to depict the analysis.

Results: In this meta-analysis, five studies with 353 PD patients and 426 healthy controls were considered. Based on three studies, the analysis revealed a significantly higher serum HO-1 concentration in PD patients as compared to healthy controls (SMD: 2.94, CI: 1.24-4.65, I²=98%, P value <=0.0007) as in the figure 1. Furthermore, after combining the two studies, salivary HO-1 concentration in PD patients and the controls was not significantly different. (SMD: 1.65, CI: -1.15-4.36, I=99%, P value = 0.25) as shown in the figure 2.

Conclusion: Serum HO-1 concentration can potentially be used a novel biomarker for PD. However, more studies are required to support the salivary HO-1 as the biomarker for PD.

Figure 1

Figure 2

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/salivary-and-plasma-heme-oxygenase-1-concentration-as-a-new-potential-biomarker-in-parkinson-disease/