Objective: To explore and evaluate the association between gout, hyperuricemia, and Parkinson’s disease (PD) using a systematic review and meta-analysis, incorporating stratified analyses by age and gender.

Background: The metabolism of urate has been implicated in neuroprotection due to its antioxidant properties, while gout, a systemic inflammatory condition, has shown fluctuating associations with PD risk. This study provides available evidence to clarify the relationship between gout, hyperuricemia, and PD.

Method: A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library identified cohort and case-control studies assessing gout, hyperuricemia, and PD risk. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analyses were performed based on gender and age. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test.

Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed no significant association between gout and PD (RR: 0.99 [0.90, 1.08], I² = 87%), but hyperuricemia was associated with a reduced PD risk (RR: 0.69 [0.56, 0.85], I² = 73.4%). In gender-stratified analysis, gout showed no significant association with PD in males (RR: 0.94 [0.84, 1.05]) or females (RR: 1.07 [0.96, 1.19]), whereas hyperuricemia was more protective in males (RR: 0.48 [0.24, 0.97]) than in females (RR: 0.84 [0.44, 1.61]). Age-based analysis indicated that both hyperuricemia and gout were associated with lower PD risk in individuals <75 years, but no significant protective effect was observed in those ≥75 years.

Conclusion: No significant association between gout and PD was found using the meta analysis but the study supports a potential neuroprotective role of hyperuricemia, particularly in males and younger individuals. These findings suggest a biological basis for urate’s protective effect, warranting further research into urate-modulating strategies in PD prevention and management.

Gout (both sexes)

Gout (Stratified By Sex)

Gout (Stratified By Age)

Urate (Q4 vs Q1)

References: [1] M. Cortese, T. Riise, A. Engeland, A. Ascherio, and K. Bjørnevik, “Urate and the risk of Parkinson’s disease in men and women,” Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol. 52, pp. 76–82, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.PARKRELDIS.2018.03.026.
[2] M. De Vera, M. M. Rahman, J. Rankin, J. Kopec, X. Gao, and H. Choi, “Gout and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a cohort study,” Arthritis Rheum, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1549–1554, Nov. 2008, doi: 10.1002/ART.24193.
[3] J. A. Singh and J. D. Cleveland, “Gout and the risk of Parkinson’s disease in older adults: A study of U.S. Medicare data,” BMC Neurol, vol. 19, no. 1, p. V, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1186/S12883-018-1234-X/TABLES/3.
[4] J. H. Kim, I. A. Choi, A. Kim, and G. Kang, “Clinical Association between Gout and Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea,” Medicina (Kaunas), vol. 57, no. 12, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.3390/MEDICINA57121292.
[5] S. W. Lai, C. H. Lin, C. L. Lin, and K. F. Liao, “Gout and Parkinson’s Disease in Older People: An Observation in Taiwan,” Int J Gerontol, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 166–167, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1016/J.IJGE.2013.01.006.
[6] J. Pakpoor, O. O. Seminog, S. V. Ramagopalan, and M. J. Goldacre, “Clinical associations between gout and multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and motor neuron disease: record-linkage studies,” BMC Neurol, vol. 15, no. 1, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1186/S12883-015-0273-9.
[7] E. Schernhammer, J. Qiu, L. Wermuth, C. F. Lassen, S. Friis, and B. Ritz, “Gout and the risk of Parkinson’s disease in Denmark,” Eur J Epidemiol, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 359–360, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1007/S10654-013-9791-1/METRICS.
[8] M. A. Pou, F. Orfila, J. Pagonabarraga, S. Ferrer-Moret, H. Corominas, and C. Diaz-Torne, “Risk of Parkinson’s disease in a gout Mediterranean population: A case-control study,” Joint Bone Spine, vol. 89, no. 6, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.JBSPIN.2022.105402.
[9] E. J. Lee et al., “Longitudinal follow-up study of the association with gout and Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease in Korea,” Scientific Reports 2023 13:1, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1–11, Mar. 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30379-4.
[10] L. Y. Hu et al., “Risk of Parkinson’s disease following gout: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan,” BMC Neurol, vol. 20, no. 1, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1186/S12883-020-01916-9.
[11] A. Alonso, L. A. G. Rodríguez, G. Logroscino, and M. A. Hernán, “Gout and risk of Parkinson disease: a prospective study,” Neurology, vol. 69, no. 17, pp. 1696–1700, 2007, doi: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000279518.10072.DF.

« Back to 2025 International Congress

MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/association-between-hyperuricemia-gout-and-the-risk-of-parkinsons-disease-an-updated-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/