Objective: Determine prevalence of Subjective Cognitive Decline(SCD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI) in participants of the Luxembourg Healthy Ageing(HeBA) Study.

Background: Cognitive impairment can present as a prodromal feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)[1,2]. Importantly, SCD has gained a growing interest due to its potential for earlier detection of MCI and dementia associated with PD[1,2]. SCD is characterized by persistent, self-reported deterioration in cognitive performance without impact on neuropsychological outcomes compared to age, sex and education-adjusted normative data[1,2].

Method: In the Luxembourg HeBA study, individuals aged between 50 and 80 living in Luxembourg and the Greater Region were invited to fill out an online survey on risk factors for neurodegeneration[3,4]. 61 participants with various risk-scores according to the Movement Disorder Society(MDS) Prodromal PD Calculator[5], were included in this analysis. The cognition subscale of MDS Non-Motor Rating Scale(NMS)[6] measured self-reported cognitive complaints, while neuropsychological tests allowed to classify into the categories SCD or MCI.

Results: 61 participants(44% male) were included with a mean age of 65.74 years(SD 6.81). By using a cut-off of ≥ 1 in total score of “cognition” subscale MDS-NMS, 45 individuals(74%) reported having cognitive complaints, of which 14(31%) had SCD and 31(69%) qualified as MCI based on the neuropsychological performance. 16 participants(26%) reported an absence of cognitive complaints, of which 10(62.5%) were cognitively intact(CI) and 6(37.5%) were defined as MCI. Mean MDS-NMS subscale cognition was 9.46(SD 7.17) in people with SCD and 8.92(SD 9.40) in people with MCI, with a max score of 96. Mean years of education were 15.30(SD 4.14), 13.29(SD 2.37), and 14.08(SD 3.41), in CI, SCD and MCI. Mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)[7] total scores were 27.40(SD 1.90), 27.15(SD 1.63) and 25.74(2.26) for CI, SCD and MCI participants, respectively.

Conclusion: Detailed neuropsychological testing confirmed the presence of MCI for 69% of participants that reported cognitive complaints. Thus, highlighting the importance of screening for self-reported cognitive complaints and their corroboration through neuropsychological assessments to enable early detection and further prevention of dementia, as efficient strategies based on modifiable risk factors exist[8].

References: [1] Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., van Boxtel, M., Breteler, M., Ceccaldi, M., Chételat, G., . . . Wagner, M. (2014). A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement, 10(6), 844-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001
[2] Oedekoven, C., Egeri, L., Jessen, F., Wagner, M., & Dodel, R. (2022). Subjective cognitive decline in idiopathic Parkinson´s disease: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev, 74, 101508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101508
[3] Luxembourg Healthy Ageing Study. https://heba.lu/en/
[4] C. Horlings, A. Garrido, C. Vega Moreno, S. Schade, T. Marques, P. Mahlknecht, C. Gomes, S. Ghosh, K. Rege, R. Rawal, C. Pauly, D. Mcintyre, K. Marini, K. Seppi, M. Marti, C. Trenkwalder, E. Tolosa, W. Poewe, V. Satagopam, R. Krüger, B. Mollenhauer. The Healthy Brain Ageing (HeBA) Parkinson’s disease risk survey: Study design and methods [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2023; 38 (suppl 1)
[5] Heinzel S, Berg D, Gasser T, et al. Update of the MDS Research Criteria for Prodromal PD. Mov Disord 2019
[6] Chaudhuri, K. R., Schrag, A., Weintraub, D., Rizos, A., Rodriguez-Blazquez, C., Mamikonyan, E., & Martinez-Martin, P. (2020). The movement disorder society nonmotor rating scale: Initial validation study. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 35(1), 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27862
[7] Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(4), 695–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
[8] Schröder, V. E., Skrozic, A., Erz, D., Kaysen, A., Fritz, J. V., Loureiro, J. M., McIntyre, D., Pauly, L., Kemp, J., Schmitz, S. K., Wagner, S., Reyes, M., Soare, R., Satagopam, V., Vega, C., Gawron, P., Roomp, K., Conde, P. M., Klucken, J., Köhler, S., … Krüger, R. (2024). Programme Dementia Prevention (pdp): A Nationwide Program for Personalized Prevention in Luxembourg. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD, 97(2), 791–804. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-230794

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/exploring-the-prevalence-of-subjective-cognitive-decline-and-mild-cognitive-impairment-in-participants-of-the-luxembourg-healthy-ageing-study/