Objective: To investigate the targets associated in regulating motor functions following subsequent exposure to stress on the neurotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats.

Background: Stress that intensifies the toxicity of environmental chemicals has been reported in number experimental studies although the exact mechanism associated with is not clearly understood. The present study has therefore been carried out to investigate the impact of forced swim stress (FSS), a physical stressor on the neurobehavioral toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a new generation type-II synthetic pyrethroid is used to control insects, pests and ectoparasites in agriculture and veterinary practices including public health programmes. 

Methods: Rats were treated with FSS (placed in glass cylinder filled with water for 3 min/day) for 28 days or treated with LCT (3.0 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) for 3 days (on days 26, 27 and 28) or pre-exposed to FSS for 28 days followed by LCT treatment for 3 days. Effect on motor performance was assessed by standard protocol. Plasma corticosterone and biogenic amine levels in corpus striatum were estimated by RP-HPLC. The sensitivity of striatal dopamine receptor and related signaling was also assessed. 

Results: Pre-exposure to FSS followed by LCT treatment in rats resulted to increase plasma corticosterone levels and disrupt the blood brain barrier permeability. Further, decrease expression of DA-D2 receptors, alteration in levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA in corpus striatum along with impaired in motor activity have also been observed in these rats as compared to rats exposed to either FSS or treated with LCT alone. Interesting to it, no significant effect on neurotransmitter levels of DA, DOPAC, HVA and DA-D2 receptors in corpus striatum including plasma corticosterone levels, blood brain barrier permeability associated with spontaneous locomotor activity and motor co-ordination has been observed in rats exposed to either FSS or treated with LCT alone as compared to controls. 

Conclusions: The results demonstrated that stress significantly synergises the neurotoxicity of LCT through DA-D2 receptors singling which regulates the motor functions. 

References:

1. Rajendra K Shukla, Richa Gupta, Yogesh Dhuriya, Lalit P Chandravanshi, Pranay Srivastava, Aditya B Pant, Ajay Kumar, M. Haris Siddiqui and Vinay K Khanna. Brain cholinergic alterations in rats subjected to repeated immobilization or forced swim stress on lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. Neurochemistry International. 93 (2016) 51–63.
2. Rajendra K Shukla, Yogesh Dhuriya, Lalit P Chandravanshi, Richa Gupta, Pranay Srivastava, Aditya B Pant, Ajay Kumar, M. Haris Siddiqui and Vinay K Khanna. Influence of immobilization and forced swim stress on the neurotoxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin in rats: Effect on brain biogenic amines and BBB permeability. Neurotoxicology 2016 doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.07.002.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/motor-dysfunctions-in-rats-following-repeated-exposure-to-stress-on-the-neurotoxicity-of-lambda-cyhalothrin/