Objective: To investigate putative risk factors for the development of dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

Background: Dementia in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common during the course of the disease and deeply influences patients’ prognosis and quality of life and also has important consequences for caregivers. 

Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative study between demented and non-demented PD patients was conducted. One hundred thirty-one clinically diagnosed cases were enrolled. MRI of brain was done for all cases and structural CNS disease including secondary Parkinsonism were excluded. Active, uncontrolled seizure; any disability or unstable disease that might prevent the patient from completing study procedure, aphasia affecting participation, refused to participate, other psychiatric disorders non-related to PD, abusive use of alcohol or illicit drugs were excluded. Diagnosis of dementia was done by Neurologist based on DSM-IV and was assessed by Mini-Mental state examination (MMSE) score and Parkinson’s disease with dementia – Short Screen (PDD-SS) score. Depression was assessed using DSM-IV. Severity of disease was evaluated by the Hoehn and Yahr stage (H-Y I to V). Pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and other clinical information. Data was analyzed through SPSS v 23(P<0.05 for statistical significance). All significant variables found in uni-variate analysis were analyzed into multivariate logistic regression model.

Results: The overall prevalence of dementia was 38.2%. The Mean (SD) age of the demented and non-demented patients was 73.32(8.86) and 63.98(6.19) years respectively. Male predominated in both the groups (52% vs.67.9%). In multivariate logistic regression model, age ≥ 70 years [OR=4.25, 95% CI (1.51- 7.86), p=0.031], Diabetes [OR=5.37, 95% CI (2.29-10.09); p=0.019], Hypertension  [OR=7.63, 95% CI (2.69-13.01); p=0.011 ], Disease duration ≥ 5 years [OR=10.01, 95% CI (4.81-21.65); p<0.001 ], H-Y stage ≥ 3 [OR= 9.52, 95% CI (4.37-19.06); p<0.001] and Depression [OR=8.79, 95%CI (3.95-18.98);p<0.001] were significantly associated with dementia in PD.

Conclusions: The strongest risk associated for development of dementia in our case series were advancing age, having diabetes and hypertension, longer disease duration, higher disease stage and presence of depression.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/risk-factors-for-dementia-in-parkinsons-disease/