Objective: This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of Terminalia macroptera (AETM) in a rotenone-induced Parkinsonism mouse model.

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor impairments such as tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction play crucial roles in its pathogenesis. Current pharmacological treatments provide symptomatic relief but do not halt disease progression, necessitating the search for alternative therapeutic options. T. macroptera, a medicinal plant with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, may offer neuroprotection in PD.

Method: Sixty Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control, rotenone-only (20 mg/kg, orally), and three treatment groups receiving AETM (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) with rotenone for 30 days. Motor performance was assessed using the open field, beam walking, and pole tests. Biochemical analysis included measurements of oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide), dopamine levels, and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Immunohistochemical analysis evaluated dopaminergic neuronal integrity in the substantia nigra. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test.

Results: Rotenone administration significantly impaired motor performance, decreased antioxidant enzyme activity, increased oxidative stress markers, depleted dopamine levels, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to extensive dopaminergic neuronal loss. AETM administration resulted in dose-dependent improvements, with the 200 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced effects. Treatment enhanced motor function, restored antioxidant defenses, reduced oxidative damage and inflammation, and preserved dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.

Conclusion: AETM demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects against rotenone-induced Parkinsonism, likely mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These findings highlight its potential as a promising natural therapeutic candidate for PD.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/evaluation-of-neuroprotective-effect-of-terminalia-macroptera-on-rotenone-induced-parkinsons-disease-in-mice/