Objective: The present study has been designed to explore the effect of rice bran extract against 3-NP induced neurotoxicity in rats. 

Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by striatal specific degeneration of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and associated with motor, psychiatric and cognitive impairment. 3-NP is a mycotoxin obtained from fungi and plants and widely used as animal model of HD. Intake of 3-NP in humans and rodents produces motor abnormalities, including dystonia, torsion spasms, involuntary jerky movements, facial grimaces and cognitive impairment. Rice bran is by-product of rice milling process and contains about 10% of rough rice grain and 18 – 22% oil.  Recently, rice bran has gained much attention as numerous studies have revealed the therapeutic potential against oxidative stress, cancer, type II diabetes, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease and ageing.

Methods:

3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p) was administered systemically for 21 days. Hexane and ethanol extract of rice bran were prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane (250 mg/kg) and ethanol extract (250 mg/kg) were administered per orally for 21 days in 3-NP treated groups. Behavioral parameters (body weight, grip strength, motor coordination, gait abnormalities, locomotion) were conducted on 7th, 14th and 21stday. Animals were sacrificed on 22nd day and striatum was removed for biochemical (LPO, GSH and catalase), mitochondrial dysfunction (Complex II), neuroinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and neurochemical (DA, NA, 5-HT and their metabolites) estimation. 

Results:

This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration and decreased GSH), decreased Complex II enzyme activity, pro-inflammatory mediators (increased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and neurochemicals (decreased DA, NA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA and increased DOPAC and HVA levels) in 3-NP treated animals. Administration of hexane and ethanol extract prevented the behavioral, biochemical, neuroinflammatory and neurochemical alterations. 

Conclusions:

The outcomes of present study suggest that rice bran extract is beneficial and might emerge as an adjuvant or prophylactic therapy for treatment of HD like symptoms.

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MDS Abstracts - https://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/rice-bran-extract-against-animal-model-of-huntingtons-disease-possible-role-of-neurotransmitters/